monodata
AN ATLAS OF EVERYDAY SYSTEMSEXPLORE · QUESTION · UNDERSTAND

03 / MARKETS & COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR

The risk
of standing still.

Knowing that a risk exists does not tell you when it arrives. Step through history, incentives and the mechanics of an exit.

Enter the timeline
ONE YEAR APART · S&P 500 TOTAL RETURN
2008−36.55%
2009+25.94%

A rebound and a recovery are not the same thing. A 36.55% loss needs a 57.6% gain to break even.

Nominal USD · annual

ONE QUESTION. THREE WAYS IN.

First, see the whole story.

THE VISUAL STORY 01 / 05
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THE CROWD AND THE EXIT

The crowd sees opportunity before the exit.

Annual S&P 500 returns in 2023, 2024 and 2025 were positive in this historical series.

A rising market can coexist with uncertainty; returns alone cannot tell us why investors stayed.

SOURCE-BACKED DATA
3 yearsConsecutive positive annual observations
2023
26.06%
2024
24.88%
2025
17.78%

S&P 500 total return · 2023–2025

Hover, focus or tap a value to inspect it
AI-created frame sequence · scroll controls time · sourced data
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02 / PAUSE. MAKE A PREDICTION.

After a 36.55% loss, how much must an investment gain to return to its starting value?

An intuition is a starting point. The evidence is the reveal.

YOUR ESTIMATE50%
0%100%
Now explore the full data
IN THIS DOSSIER01History02Your turn03The exit04MeaningFilm
01
FOLLOW THE EVIDENCE

Your starting point changes the story.

Move the time window. Compare growth, yearly returns and the years a headline leaves out.

Observed data

Hover, focus or tap the data to see its context.

019438858277619992003200720112015201920232025
End of periodStocks738.810-year Treasuries265.03-month bills164.3
Stocks738.8Worst year-end drawdown: 37.4%
10-year Treasuries265.0Worst year-end drawdown: 21.5%
3-month bills164.3Worst year-end drawdown: 0.0%

Nominal USD, dividends reinvested for stocks. Calculated from rounded annual data; taxes and fees excluded. Year-end observations cannot show the worst fall inside a year.

Source snapshot · September 2026
02
TRY THE MECHANISM

The future is hidden. Choose a year.

An annual decision exercise. Choose stocks or bills before revealing the next year’s return.

Illustrative model
BEFORE THE YEAR BEGINS2007

Which exposure will you carry for the full year?

2007Hidden
2008Hidden
2009Hidden
2010Hidden
2011Hidden
Always stocks100.0
Your choices100.0

Historical learning, not a strategy test. Dates may be familiar. No trading costs, taxes or within-year changes; the comparison uses identical years. One successful run establishes no forecasting skill.

Change an input. Watch what follows.
03
TRY THE MECHANISM

An exit needs someone on the other side.

Increase the sell order. Reduce available buyers. Watch the average execution price move.

Illustrative model
300
501500
50
10100
10050
98100
96150
94200
92250
90300
88350
86400
84450
82500
AVERAGE EXECUTION PRICE97.33

against a best bid of 100

2.67%slippage on filled units

300 / 300 filled

Ten fixed bid levels: prices 100, 98, …, 82; size at level k = depth × k. No new orders, spread, fees or market recovery. This model explains execution, not future market prices.

Assumptions are shown. This is not a forecast.Change an input. Watch what follows.
04
FOLLOW THE EVIDENCE

What the chart cannot tell you.

Separate the observation from the explanation.

Observed data

Hover, focus or tap the data to see its context.

CONTEXTUAL EVIDENCE

Prices and returns are observable. They do not reveal why every investor acted. A 3.63% overnight US interbank rate in August 2026 describes the cost of short-term money, not investors’ confidence.

This dossier does not reproduce the proprietary fund-manager survey cited in the inspiration article. Historical returns and an interbank rate are different measures, not substitutes for that survey.

Source snapshot · September 2026
00:24

THE SHORT FILM

The mathematics of an exit

A visual explanation in 24 seconds. Watch, pause, look again.

Prepared once · shared by everyone · EN / TR captions

TAKE IT WITH YOU

What changes when you see the connections?

A good outcome does not prove a good prediction. Time windows, costs and the size of a loss change what a return actually means.