ONE QUESTION. THREE WAYS IN.
03 / MARKETS & COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR
The risk
of standing still.
Knowing that a risk exists does not tell you when it arrives. Step through history, incentives and the mechanics of an exit.
Enter the timelineA rebound and a recovery are not the same thing. A 36.55% loss needs a 57.6% gain to break even.
THE CROWD AND THE EXIT
The crowd sees opportunity before the exit.
Annual S&P 500 returns in 2023, 2024 and 2025 were positive in this historical series.
A rising market can coexist with uncertainty; returns alone cannot tell us why investors stayed.
S&P 500 total return · 2023–2025
02 / PAUSE. MAKE A PREDICTION.
After a 36.55% loss, how much must an investment gain to return to its starting value?
An intuition is a starting point. The evidence is the reveal.
Your starting point changes the story.
Move the time window. Compare growth, yearly returns and the years a headline leaves out.
Hover, focus or tap the data to see its context.
Nominal USD, dividends reinvested for stocks. Calculated from rounded annual data; taxes and fees excluded. Year-end observations cannot show the worst fall inside a year.
The future is hidden. Choose a year.
An annual decision exercise. Choose stocks or bills before revealing the next year’s return.
Which exposure will you carry for the full year?
Historical learning, not a strategy test. Dates may be familiar. No trading costs, taxes or within-year changes; the comparison uses identical years. One successful run establishes no forecasting skill.
An exit needs someone on the other side.
Increase the sell order. Reduce available buyers. Watch the average execution price move.
against a best bid of 100
300 / 300 filled
Ten fixed bid levels: prices 100, 98, …, 82; size at level k = depth × k. No new orders, spread, fees or market recovery. This model explains execution, not future market prices.
What the chart cannot tell you.
Separate the observation from the explanation.
Hover, focus or tap the data to see its context.
Prices and returns are observable. They do not reveal why every investor acted. A 3.63% overnight US interbank rate in August 2026 describes the cost of short-term money, not investors’ confidence.
This dossier does not reproduce the proprietary fund-manager survey cited in the inspiration article. Historical returns and an interbank rate are different measures, not substitutes for that survey.
00:24THE SHORT FILM
The mathematics of an exit
A visual explanation in 24 seconds. Watch, pause, look again.
Prepared once · shared by everyone · EN / TR captionsTAKE IT WITH YOU
What changes when you see the connections?
A good outcome does not prove a good prediction. Time windows, costs and the size of a loss change what a return actually means.
